| Miêu tả |
Vietnam is an ethnically diverse society. The Kinh (“lowland Vietnamese”) majority, which accounts for
84% of the population, co-exists with 53 smaller ethnic minority groups, some of which have less than
1,000 members (Dang, Son and Hung, 2000). Previous research using the Vietnam Living Standards Surveys, in which the Kinh are usually grouped together with the Hoa (Chinese), has shown that the remaining 52 ethnic minorities constitute the poorest, least educated sections of Vietnamese society (Vietnam Poverty Working Group, 1999). Furthermore, the gap in living standards between the Kinh and Hoa majority and the other ethnic minorities grew between 1993 and 1998 (the years when the closely comparable Vietnam Living Standards Surveys were undertaken). Geography, in particular the fact that many ethnic minorities live in remote and mountainous areas, explains only a part of the difference in living standards between these two groups. There are systematic differences in endowments and the returns to those endowments for members of the Kinh-Hoa majority and the ethnic minorities, most of which are in favor of the majority group (Van de Walle and Gunewardana, 2001). These and other more detailed qualitative studies (see in particular, Jamieson, Cuc and Rambo, 1998; Huy and Dai, 1999, and Winrock International, 1996) have led to an emerging consensus among donors and non-governmental organizations (NGOs) that a new, more differentiated approach to ethnic minority policy is required in Vietnam.
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