| Miêu tả |
Many State-run large-scale irrigation schemes worldwide have long been financially supported by public
funds. Because of financial squeeze and of the general trend to hand over the management of irrigation
schemes to farmers, emphasis is often placed on cost-recovery and on the financial autonomy of these
schemes. Water fees, in most countries, generally cover only a part of O&M costs and amount to a small
percentage of the agricultural gross product, typically less than 10%. In some other countries, water
supply is free and is considered as State subsidy. However, in situations where irrigation and drainage
operations demand the use of pumping devices, operational costs are generally significantly higher, as
they include the costs of energy, and water fees tend to be higher than the average. This is the case of the
Red river delta (RRD), where thousands of pumps of all capacities are used in operations of water
management.
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| Báo cáo |
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