| Miêu tả |
Since 1995 the labour force in Viet Nam has been growing by more than 1 million people each year, and this will increase to 1.2 million or more each year in the next decade. Where will these people find decent jobs? Agriculture had been absorbing more than
600,000 a year, but these gains appear to be declining. Output per agricultural worker is only one-third of the national average, and falling relative to other sectors. Industry and construction jobs grew almost not at all since 1995, absorbing less than 2% of labour force growth. Services had been growing strongly, reflecting past deficiencies in those sectors, but recent gains have been only 200,000 per year rather than over 500,000 a year registered for 1995-97. All this suggests a looming crisis in employment. With more new workers than ever, and higher educational levels, it is unlikely that many
will choose poorly paid farming over some kind of non-farm job. Unless there is a drastic change in the levels and type of industrial investment, the larger firms in that sector will be hard put to take more than 10% of the increased labour force. Service sector
job growth is slowing. No plausible combination of government programmes and job growth along past lines will provide more than a fraction of the jobs needed. Yet without such job creation, there is a prospect of social evils, excessive urbanization, rising inequality, and instability.
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