| Miêu tả |
This paper analyzes the dramatic increases in rice output and productivity
in Vietnam due largely to market reform, inducing farmers to work
harder and use land more efficiently. The reform process is captured through
changes in effort variables and a decomposition of total factor productivity
(TFP) due to enhanced incentives for two main reform periods: output contracts
(1981-87) and trade liberalization (1988-94). The results show that
the more extensive is market reform the larger the increase in TFP and the
share of TFP growth due to incentive effects, suggesting that more competitive
markets and secure property rights matter greatly.
However, in the post-reform period (1995-99), the incentive component
of TFP dissipates as a result of falls in the price of rice and slow increases in
input prices, especially for hired labour, fertilizer and capital. A stochastic
production frontier is estimated to determine what farm-specific factors limit
efficiency gains. Results show that farms in the main rice growing regions,
those with larger farm size and farms with a higher proportion of rice land
ploughed by tractor are more efficient, suggesting the need for additional
reforms to augment productvity. In particular, the requirement that rice be
grown in every province in Vietnam, restrictions on farm size (especially in
the north) and the slow development of rural credit markets for capital and
land are seen to restrict the level and growth of efficiency substantially.
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| Báo cáo |
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